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Written by Super User. Posted in Harm reduction information.

Gabapentinoids: using them without a prescription or with other drugs and alcohol

Gabapentinoids:
using them without a prescription or with other drugs and alcohol

Information about gabapentinoids (pregabalin and gabapentin), their effects, overdose risks, dangerous mixes, withdrawal, safer use advice, what to do in an emergency, and UK law.

🕒 Estimated read time: 8 minutes

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What are gabapentinoids?

Pregabalin and gabapentin, known as gabs, are prescription-only medicines used to treat certain medical conditions. Gabapentin is sold as Neurontin or Gralise; pregabalin as Lyrica.

They usually come as capsules in a range of colours and strengths. Pregabalin acts faster and feels stronger than gabapentin, which can increase the risk of overdose.

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What are they prescribed for?

  • Nerve pain
  • Epilepsy
  • Anxiety (pregabalin only)

Side effects can include chest pain, swelling of the feet, dizziness, or drowsiness. Gabapentinoids should be avoided during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.

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Using gabs without a prescription

Some people get gabs from unregulated sources such as another person’s prescription or online sellers. This is risky because you can’t be sure of the strength, purity, or ingredients. Watch out for pills that look unusual, taste strange, or come in inconsistent packaging.

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How are they used?

Most people swallow gabs. Some snort them in powder form, which increases irritation and overdose risk. If you snort gabs, use your own device and rinse your nose after each session.

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How gabs make you feel

People use gabs to feel relaxed or euphoric, or to help with stress, sleep, or the comedown from other drugs. At higher doses they can make you feel more sociable or less anxious. Some people also report vivid thoughts or visual images. These effects can feel good, which makes it easy to take too much.

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Gabapentinoids and overdose

Gabs are downers: they slow your brain and body. When mixed with other downers, the sedative effects build up and can cause serious breathing problems, slow your heart rate even more, and increase the risk of overdose. They are often found in overdose deaths, usually with other drugs. Pregabalin is stronger than gabapentin and carries a higher overdose risk.

Heroin, benzos and alcohol

Gabs boost the effects of heroin, benzodiazepines, and especially alcohol. This can make you very drowsy, unsteady or confused, greatly increasing the risk of breathing problems and overdose.

Fentanyl or nitazenes

Potent synthetic opioids can be hidden in street drugs. Taking them with gabs makes overdose far more likely.

Ketamine

Mixing gabs with ketamine can cause heavy sedation and confusion, which can lead to blackouts, breathing problems and overdose.

If you’re on methadone or Subutex (buprenorphine)

Gabs increase the sedative effects of methadone or Subutex, slowing your breathing and making you very drowsy or confused. The risk is higher if you’re new to treatment, have low tolerance, take high doses (especially pregabalin), or use other depressants.

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Addiction and withdrawal

You can become dependent on gabs, particularly with regular use or high doses. If you stop suddenly, you might get withdrawal symptoms. In rare cases this can lead to a seizure. The risk is higher if you’ve used large amounts or had seizures in the past.

Common withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, poor sleep, nausea, pain, diarrhoea, and heavy sweating.

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Reducing gabs safely

If you’ve been using gabs regularly, don’t stop suddenly. It can cause withdrawal symptoms and, in some cases, seizures. The safest way to cut down is to go slowly and get help from a doctor, drug worker, or pharmacist.

  • Lower your dose gradually to avoid withdrawal.
  • Reduce by 10–25% every week or two.
  • Go slower or pause if symptoms get worse.
  • If you’re using both drugs, many people find it easier to reduce pregabalin first.

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Reduce the risks

  • Don’t use alone — keep an eye on each other.
  • Start with a small amount and wait at least an hour before taking more.
  • Don’t use gabs in clubs or bars.
  • Never mix with other downers like opioids, benzos, or alcohol.
  • Never inject gabs.
  • If you or your mates use heroin or methadone, always carry naloxone and know how to use it.
  • Avoid using during pregnancy unless prescribed.
  • Don’t use daily — take regular breaks if you plan to use.
  • Don’t drive or use machinery — you might be more out of it than you realise.

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Helping somebody who’s overdosed

If you’re with someone who’s taken drugs, watch for overdose signs:

  • Won’t wake up (even with a shake or shout)
  • Laboured, noisy or difficult breathing
  • Vomiting
  • Pale skin or blue lips
  • Irregular or weak heartbeat

In an emergency

  • Call 999 immediately
  • Put them in the recovery position
  • Stay with them and monitor breathing and pulse
  • Don’t assume they’re fine if they come round — they could still worsen later

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The law

It’s illegal to possess gabs without a prescription, or to give, sell or share them — even with a friend. Gabs without a prescription are Class C drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act.

It’s also illegal to drive if gabs affect your ability, even if they’re prescribed. If you’re not sure how they affect you, don’t drive.

Further information and support

Gabapentinoid resources

Browse our printed gabapentinoid leaflets and posters
Gabapentinoid resources

Talk to Frank

24-hour confidential drug advice for young people, parents and carers
📞 0300 123 6600
www.talktofrank.com

Release

Specialist drugs and legal advice
📞 020 7324 2989
www.release.org.uk

DrugWise

Evidence-based information on drugs, alcohol and tobacco
www.drugwise.org.uk

Crew (Scotland-based, UK-wide resources)

harm reduction information and support
www.crew.scot

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Written by Super User. Posted in Harm reduction information.

How long can drugs be detected in your system?

How long can drugs be detected in your system?

This guide explains how workplace drug testing works in the UK, the different detection methods used and how long drugs are detectable in your system.

Why do employers carry out drug tests?

Employers test for drugs and alcohol to fulfil health and safety duties, meet regulations, protect everyone, and support employees facing substance issues.

Testing is typically detailed in your contract, workplace policy, or staff handbook, so it should not come as a surprise.

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When testing can happen

  • Pre-employment screening as part of recruitment checks
  • Random testing, which must be truly random, is commonly used in safety-critical roles
  • For-cause testing, where there is a suspicion of drug use
  • Post-incident testing, for example, after an accident at work

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Types of workplace drug tests in the UK

Urine testing is the most common method, but saliva and hair tests are also used; in rare cases, blood tests may be carried out. Each has different advantages and limitations.

Urine testing

Urine tests are the standard choice for many employers. They are cheap, easy to collect, and can detect many drugs. They typically show use from the past few days, though cannabis may be detected for much longer in daily users.

Saliva (oral fluid) testing

Saliva tests are increasingly used, especially for on-site or post-incident screening. Less intrusive and difficult to tamper with, saliva testing detects very recent use—typically 12 to 48 hours—so it can indicate current impairment rather than past use.

Hair testing

Hair analysis provides the longest detection window. A small section of hair is cut close to the scalp and tested in a laboratory, showing a pattern of drug use going back weeks or even up to 90 days.

Hair testing is significantly more expensive than urine or saliva testing, so it is not typically used for day-to-day workplace testing. Instead, it appears more often in high-level pre-employment checks, particularly in industries where long-term abstinence is required.

Blood testing

Blood tests are rare in employment settings because they are invasive, costly, and require medical staff. They only detect very recent drug use—typically hours to a few days. In the UK, blood testing is primarily used in hospitals or by the police in drug-driving cases, rather than in workplace programmes.

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How the body processes drugs

Once a drug is taken, the body starts to break it down and remove it. This is why the effects wear off, but it also explains why traces can still be detected long after the “high” has gone.

  • Metabolism – the liver processes most drugs into different chemicals called metabolites. Many drug tests look for these metabolites rather than the drug itself, because they last longer and are easier to detect. For example, cannabis tests often detect THC-COOH, an inactive by-product, not THC itself.
  • Elimination – drugs and their metabolites leave the body through urine, but also through sweat, saliva, and hair.
  • Half-life – every drug has a “half-life,” which means how long it takes for half of a drug to be broken down. Drugs with long half-lives (such as diazepam) can stay detectable much longer than drugs with short half-lives (such as cocaine).
  • Frequency of use – occasional use clears faster, while regular use means the body stores more metabolites, especially with cannabis, which is fat-soluble.
  • Individual factors – age, weight, health, hydration, and even genetics can change how quickly someone processes drugs.

This explains why two people can take the same drug but test positive for very different periods.

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How long can drugs be detected?

Detection times vary depending on the drug, the type of test, the frequency of use, and individual factors. These are approximate ranges for urine testing, the most common workplace method:

Drug Typical detection window (urine) Notes
Cannabis 1–3 days (occasional); 28+ days (daily/heavy) Fat-soluble; tests detect metabolite THC-COOH.
Cocaine 1–3 days; heavy use 5–7 days Metabolite benzoylecgonine is usually detected.
Amphetamines 1–3 days May be longer with chronic use.
MDMA (ecstasy) 1–3 days (sometimes 4) Similar to other amphetamines.
Opiates 1–3 days Methadone 3–7 days; synthetics like fentanyl may need specific tests.
Benzodiazepines 2–3 days (short-acting) to 7–10+ days (long-acting) Chronic use extends detection.
Ketamine 1–3 days (sometimes 4) Detection may vary.
GHB/GBL Up to ~12 hours Very short window; hard to detect.

Other methods: Saliva tests usually detect recent use (12–48 hours); hair tests reveal patterns up to three months.

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Agreement to be tested

Employers can only conduct drug tests if a clear policy is in place that employees are aware of and have agreed to. This may be part of your contract or your staff handbook.

If a new policy is introduced after you start working, your employer will normally need your agreement to change your contract. You can refuse, but this may affect renewal if you are on a fixed-term contract.

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Refusing a drug test

If you have not agreed to a drug testing policy, you can refuse to be tested, and your employer cannot formally act against you. However, refusal may raise suspicion, and some employers may still view it as a red flag.

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Positive tests don’t always show impairment

A positive result does not always mean someone was impaired or under the influence at work. Cannabis can remain detectable in urine for weeks in daily users, long after any effect has worn off. Benzodiazepines and other medicines may also show up even when taken as prescribed. A positive result confirms the presence of a drug or its metabolites, not that the person was unsafe at the time of the test.

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Failing a drug test & right of appeal

The consequences of a positive test depend on your company’s policy. Some employers operate strict “zero tolerance” rules, treating a positive result as gross misconduct. This can lead to suspension or dismissal, especially in safety-critical jobs.

Other contracts state that employees must not be “under the influence” at work. In these cases, a positive result alone may not be sufficient to prove misconduct — particularly if the drug was taken outside work hours.

Right of appeal

If you are disciplined or dismissed after a positive drug test, you normally have the right to appeal. Employers are expected to follow a fair disciplinary process. This includes the chance to explain, access to the results, and the ability to challenge them.

Many employers use a two-stage system, consisting of an initial on-site screen followed by a laboratory confirmation test. You can request independent retesting. If dismissed, you can appeal internally and, if necessary, take the case to an employment tribunal.

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Drug testing and driving

Workplace testing for drivers

Employers in transport, logistics, and other safety-critical sectors often have strict drug and alcohol testing policies. Testing may be random, part of recruitment checks, or carried out after accidents. A positive result could mean suspension or dismissal, even if you are not over the legal driving limit.

The law on drug driving

  1. Driving while unfit through drugs – based on impairment. If police believe your driving is unsafe, they can carry out roadside impairment tests and require further testing.
  2. Specified drug limit offence (2015) – you must not have above a set limit of certain drugs in your system. Limits are very low for illegal drugs (e.g., cannabis, cocaine, MDMA, heroin, ketamine). Some prescription medicines (e.g., benzodiazepines, methadone, morphine) also have limits; if prescribed, you may drive legally if you take them as directed and are fit to drive.

How the police test

Roadside saliva tests are commonly used for cannabis and cocaine. If positive, or if impairment is suspected, you may be taken to the station for a blood test.

Penalties

  • Minimum 1-year driving ban
  • Fine up to £5,000
  • Up to 6 months in prison
  • Conviction remains on your licence for 11 years

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FAQs

How long does cannabis stay in your system in the UK?

In urine, cannabis can be detected for 1–3 days after occasional use, and up to 28+ days for daily users. Saliva usually detects use within 12–48 hours.

Can my employer randomly drug test me?

Yes, but only if it is written into your contract or staff handbook, and tests must be carried out fairly and consistently.

Do police use hair tests for drug driving?

No. Police use roadside saliva tests and, if needed, blood tests at the station. Hair testing is not used for drug driving offences.

Does a positive drug test mean I was impaired at work?

Not always. Many tests look for metabolites, which can remain long after the effects have worn off.

Do I have a right to appeal a failed drug test at work?

Yes. Employers must follow a fair process, give you the chance to explain, and allow you to challenge results. If dismissed, you can appeal internally and, if necessary, to an employment tribunal.

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Key points to remember

  • Workplace drug testing should only occur if it is specified in your contract or workplace policy.
  • Different tests show drug use over very different timeframes, from a few hours (blood and saliva) to several months (hair).
  • The duration for which drugs remain detectable depends on how the body processes them — often through their metabolites.
  • A positive result does not always prove you were impaired at work.
  • If you face disciplinary action or dismissal, you normally have the right to appeal.
  • For drivers, both workplace rules and the law apply — and the legal limits for drugs when driving are very low.

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Heads up!

This is for general information only and is not legal advice. Workplace drug testing policies vary, and employment law depends on individual circumstances. If you are facing testing, disciplinary action, or dismissal, seek expert help from Release, ACAS, or an employment solicitor.

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Further information and support

Release

Specialist drugs and legal advice for the public and professionals
📞 020 7324 2989
www.release.org.uk

ACAS

Independent advice on workplace rights, rules and best practice
📞 0300 123 1100
www.acas.org.uk

The Law Society

Search for a local employment solicitor
www.lawsociety.org.uk

Trade unions

Many trade unions provide free legal support and representation for members facing disciplinary or employment issues

Talk to Frank

24-hour confidential drug advice for young people, parents and carers
📞 0300 123 6600
www.talktofrank.com

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Written by Super User. Posted in Harm reduction information.

GHB and GBL: What You Need to Know

  • Article Introduction: Learn what GBL and GHB are, how they’re used, the main risks, and how to stay safer. Includes info on mixing, consent, withdrawal, and support.

GHB & GBL:
what you need to know

This page explains what GHB and GBL are, how they’re used, what the effects and risks are, and how to stay safer if you choose to use them. It also covers overdose, mixing risks, sexual consent, withdrawal, and where to get support.
🕒 Estimated read time: 6–7 minutes

What are GHB and GBL?

GHB and GBL are chemicals that are used as medicine (GHB) or for cleaning and other industrial jobs (GBL). People also use them as drugs to give them a buzz and make them feel calm, relaxed, or happy.

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Are GHB and GBL the same drug?

GHB and GBL are related but different chemicals. When you take GBL, your body quickly changes it into GHB, which is the drug that affects you. GHB is sometimes given as medicine for narcolepsy, but it's rarely used illegally in the UK.

People started using GHB as a recreational drug in the 1980s and 90s at clubs and parties. Later, people switched to GBL because it was easier to get and felt similar. By the 2000s, most people in the UK had switched to using GBL instead of GHB.

GBL became more popular because it is cheaper, easier to find, and legal for use in cleaning and other jobs. It is found in products such as paint removers, cleaners, and metal cleaners, making it more available than GHB.

If you hear people talking about GHB or using the street names "G" or "Gina," it's safest to think they mean GBL unless you know for sure. GBL is stronger and works faster than GHB, and it's easier to take too much if you get the amount wrong or mix it with alcohol or other drugs that make you sleepy.

In the UK, most recreational use involves GBL (even if you think you've bought GHB). We use "GHB/GBL" in headings for clarity; however, the information on this page primarily refers to GBL.

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How does GHB/GBL make you feel?

People report positive effects such as:

  • Feeling relaxed or euphoric
  • Being more chatty or sociable
  • Drowsiness or a sense of calm

But there are also unwanted or risky effects:

  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Confusion or memory loss
  • Loss of coordination
  • Passing out, especially if you take too much or mix it with other drugs

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How does GHB/GBL affect the brain?

GHB and GBL work by activating the brain's main 'calming' system, known as the GABA system. This slows down brain activity, causing relaxation and sedation. At very high doses, this slowing effect becomes dangerous and can slow vital functions, such as breathing.

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How long do the effects of GHB/GBL last?

Both GHB and GBL are drugs that slow you down for a short time. The effects usually start within minutes and last about 2 to 4 hours. GBL often works faster and feels stronger than GHB, but both last about the same time. People sometimes take too much too soon because the effects wear off quickly, which can easily lead to taking too much and overdosing.

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Do GHB and GBL smell or taste different?

Yes, they smell, taste, and feel different. These differences can help you figure out which one you've taken.

GHB

  • Smell: usually no smell, or faintly sweet.
  • Taste: salty or soapy, but not as harsh as GBL.
  • Texture: thin and watery. It mixes easily into drinks.

GBL

  • Smell: strong, sharp chemical or solvent smell, often like nail polish remover or paint thinner.
  • Taste: very bitter, chemical, and unpleasant. Some people describe it as "burning" or "plastic-like."
  • Texture: oily and slightly thicker than water.

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How do you take GHB/GBL?

GHB and GBL are almost always swallowed. People usually use a syringe or dropper to measure a small amount and then mix it into water, juice, or another soft drink.

Tip: Always dilute pure GBL into water, juice, or another soft drink. Taking it neat will burn your mouth and throat.

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Can you overdose on GHB/GBL?

Yes, you can overdose on GBL. GBL is very sensitive to the amount you take. Even small changes in the amount can make a big difference in how it affects you.

These are not recommended doses — they're just here to help you understand the risks:

  • Low dose (0.5 to 1 ml): You may feel relaxed, calm, or chatty.
  • Moderate dose (1 to 1.5 ml): You'll likely feel heavier, drowsier, or sedated.
  • High dose (1.5 ml or more): High risk of vomiting, confusion, unconsciousness, or overdose.

Redosing too soon: Even a small top-up can make you 'G-out'. Wait at least 90 minutes before taking more.

The difference between a dose that makes you feel good and a dose that is too much can be as little as 0.2 to 0.4 mL.

Because the strength of GHB or GBL can vary from one batch to another, the same amount may not have the same effect every time, making it easier to take too much.

Signs of an overdose

  • Unresponsive and cannot be woken up.
  • Slow, shallow, or irregular breathing (less than 12 breaths per minute).
  • Loud, strained snoring or gurgling sounds (this indicates their airway is partially blocked).
  • Pale or blue-tinged skin, lips, or fingernails.
  • Limp body.

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What to do when someone passes out when using GHB/GBL

With GHB or GBL, small amounts might make you feel relaxed or sleepy, but larger amounts can make you suddenly pass out. When you "go under" on G, it is hard to wake you up, and your breathing may slow down or stop. The risks are even higher if you mix G with alcohol, sleeping pills, or other drugs that slow you down.

When someone passes out, they may look like they are sleeping, but they are actually unconscious and hardly respond. Their muscles become loose, which can block their throat and make it hard to breathe. Breathing can get very weak or stop, which can cause choking, brain injury, or death. People may also throw up, wet themselves, or fall somewhere unsafe.

What to do if someone passes out on G:

  • Put them in the recovery position (on their side, head tilted back).
  • Make sure their airway is clear and keep checking their breathing.
  • Don't give them food or drink.
  • If they don't wake up quickly, or if you're concerned, call 999 immediately.
  • Stay with them even after they wake up. They will likely be very confused, disoriented, and may have no memory of what happened. Ensure they don't take any more drugs while in this state.

TIP: G can affect your memory, so make a note of when you take your dose. You could write it on your hand, set a timer, or take a screenshot of the time on your phone.

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What happens if GHB/GBL is mixed with alcohol and other drugs?

GBL slows down your brain and body. If you mix it with other depressants like alcohol, benzos, or opioids, the risk of overdose or unconsciousness increases sharply. It can stop your breathing.

  • Alcohol: a very dangerous combo. GBL and alcohol together are behind most hospital admissions involving GBL. High risk of choking, blackout, and overdose.
  • Benzos: adds to sedation and memory loss. It can be fatal.
  • Opioids: strong depressant effects. High risk of your breathing stopping.
  • Stimulants: can mask how strong GBL feels, making you more likely to redose and overdose. Also strains your heart.
  • Ketamine: increases confusion and unconsciousness. People might not realise you need help.

TIP: You are more likely to overdose on G if you mix it with alcohol.

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Can I get addicted to GBL?

Yes. If you use GBL often, especially on a daily basis, you can become dependent on it. Your body gets used to having it, and stopping suddenly can lead to serious withdrawal symptoms. If you feel anxious, sweaty, or shaky when it wears off, or when you don't have any, it's a sign of dependence.

GBL affects the brain in a similar way to alcohol or calming medicines. It slows things down and can make you feel calm, relaxed, or sleepy. Over time, your brain gets used to GBL and starts to need it to feel normal. This means you might need more to get the same effects. If you stop suddenly, your body can have withdrawal symptoms.

Withdrawal from GBL can be dangerous and may include symptoms like:

  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Shaking or tremors
  • Hallucinations
  • In severe cases, seizures

If you think you're dependent on GBL, it's important not to stop using it suddenly. Trying to detox on your own can be dangerous. Medical support and professional help can make withdrawal safer and reduce the risk of harm.

Tip: To lower the risk of dependence, limit use to 15 ml in 24 hours and avoid using it for more than 2 days in a row.

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GBL lowers your inhibitions and affects your decision-making. You may feel more open, relaxed, or sexually confident, which can be a liberating experience. But it also means you're more likely to take risks, agree to things you wouldn't usually, or end up in situations where you don't feel safe.

At higher doses, GBL can cause confusion, memory loss, or complete unconsciousness. Some people 'G-out' — they black out completely and may not remember what happened. This has serious implications for sexual consent.

If someone is very intoxicated, unconscious, or unable to communicate clearly, they can't give consent. Legally and ethically, consent must be clear, informed, and freely given. This isn't possible if someone is too out of it to understand what's happening or to say no.

If you're using GBL, talk about boundaries with any partners beforehand, and don't assume that not responding or going along with something means yes. Look out for friends — and if someone seems too out of it, confused, or unable to speak up for themselves, step in. That could mean checking on them, helping them get to a safe place, staying with them, or calling for help if needed.

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Is GBL legal in the UK?

In the UK, GHB and GBL are controlled as Class B drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This means it is illegal to possess, supply, or produce them. While GBL has legitimate industrial uses (e.g., as a solvent), it is illegal to sell, buy, or possess it for human consumption.

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How much does GHB and GBL cost?

Currently (late 2025), 1ml of GBL/GHB typically costs £1 on the street, with bottles usually ranging in size from 20ml to 100ml.

The price of GBL/GHB has gone up considerably since it was reclassified as a Class B drug in April 2022. A user of GBL/GHB told the latest Manchester GM Trends report (2023): "G has doubled in price since I started taking it two to three years ago. It used to be 50p per ml. It's now £1 per ml." A former seller said: "When I first started out, I sold G for £10 per 20ml bottle. Now, that same amount is closer to £30, so about £1 per ml."

Wholesale GBL and GHB prices

GBL is relatively easy and cheap to source online. One search for y-Butyrolactone, the chemical name for GBL, revealed a wholesale price of £16 for 250ml and £25 for 500ml.

Although GHB is a controlled Class B substance in the UK, it remains available via darknet markets. The Guardian reported that large quantities of GHB can be bought online for as little as £10.

GBL is cheaper and more accessible than GHB because it has legitimate industrial uses (e.g. as a paint stripper or wheel cleaner).

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How can you reduce the risks of using GBL?

  • Start low and go slow. Begin with no more than 0.5 mL and wait at least 90 minutes to redose.
  • If you need to redose, take a dose that is less than your initial dose. GBL builds up in your body and increases the risk of overdose.
  • Use a syringe or pipette. Never guess or use a cap or spoon.
  • Set a timer to prevent accidental overdosing.
  • Don't mix with alcohol, benzos, or opioids.
  • Use with someone you trust. Don't use alone.
  • Label your GBL. Never store it in a standard water or soft drink bottle. Keep it out of reach of others and don't leave it near drinks.
  • Stick to calm, familiar places. Avoid chaotic environments.
  • Know the signs of overdose: unresponsiveness, slow breathing, pale lips, gurgling. Call 999.
  • Avoid daily use. If you're struggling to stop, get support.

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Sexual harm reduction tips

  • Decide your boundaries before you use. Let a trusted friend know if you're meeting someone new.
  • G can increase feelings of arousal and sensuality, but it can also blur your judgement. Make sure you and your partner are both enthusiastically consenting before and during any sexual activity.
  • Use condoms, dams, and lube, it reduces the risk of condoms breaking and helps prevent injury to soft tissue.
  • Stay with people who respect your boundaries and won't pressure you to do anything you're unsure about.
  • Never assume consent. If someone is very intoxicated or unconscious, they can't give informed consent.
  • If someone appears vulnerable, offer them help or seek assistance.
  • Get tested regularly for STIs and blood-borne viruses.
  • Know your HIV status and consider using prevention tools like PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). If you think you've been exposed to HIV, PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) can be taken within 72 hours.

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Share this information

Raising awareness and sharing accurate information is one of the best ways to reduce harm.

Services can order our GHB/GBL printed resource to support people who use G, or anyone who needs to understand the risks and effects more clearly.

Buy the GHD/GBL resource in the Substance shop

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Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust

The resources are really good. Very user-friendly and packed with relevant information. They’re great.

DRD Co-ordinator (Aberdeenshire)

There aren't many resources aimed at young people. Your colourful clear resources are very good.

Life+

Always the most up-to-date and relevant information possible with great-looking design.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Harm reduction information.

SPEED: amphetamine harm reduction resource

Speed (amphetamines)

This guide gives clear information on speed (amphetamine), its effects, risks, and how to reduce the risks

Amphetamines - a brief history

First produced in 1887, amphetamine has been used to treat several conditions, such as:

  • depression
  • low blood pressure
  • low sex drive
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • narcolepsy (inability to stay awake)

Amphetamines (or similar drugs such as Ritalin) are still prescribed today to treat conditions like ADHD.

It was first used commercially in the 1930s in the USA as a nasal decongestant (Benzedrine).

Amphetamine was available as an over-the-counter ‘pep pill’ and slimming aid during the 1950s before becoming popular in the early 1960s amongst people who wanted to get high and stay up all night and party, prompting a Government ban under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act 1964.

In the 1970s and 1980s, amphetamine use increased among young people in the mod and punk scenes and the all-nighter Northern Soul clubs, before gaining a new lease of life in the rave clubs of the 1980s and onwards. It is still one of the most widely used illegal drugs in the UK.

What is speed?

Speed (amphetamine) is a synthetic stimulant drug that increases energy and alertness. Amphetamine is part of the phenethylamines group of substances, which include MDMA (ecstasy), and more recent compounds like Bromodragonfly and Benzofuran.

Appearance

It is usually sold as an off-white, yellowish or pinkish powder or paste.B

Body and brain

Amphetamine works by stimulating your central nervous system and increasing the levels of brain chemicals dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. It increases your heart rate and causes feelings of increased confidence, sociability, and energy.

How amphetamine is used

It can be snorted as a powder, mixed in drinks, wrapped in a cigarette paper and swallowed (bombed), or injected.

Snorting

Snorting amphetamine normally produces effects in a few minutes. They typically last for 4-8 hours.

Injecting

Injecting increases the chance of overdose and can damage veins and lead to infections and abscesses.

Bombing

When swallowed, the effects of amphetamine usually appear in around 30 minutes - or longer on a full stomach.

The effects

Amphetamines can affect different people in different ways. How you feel when you use amphetamine can depend on your mood, your personality and how you expect to feel.

Mental 

  • Increased confidence 
  • Feelings of wellbeing
  • Alertness

Physical

  • A rush of energy
  • Increased heart rate 
  • Higher blood pressure 
  • Enlarged pupils 
  • Higher body temperature
  • Reduced appetite
  • Dry mouth

Negative

  • Irritability
  • Aggression
  • Restlessness
  • Paranoia
  • Depression

The risks

Spreading germs

Sharing snorting tubes can spread infections and viruses, like Covid, hepatitis C and HIV.

Damaging your nostrils

Snorting damages your septum (the cartilage separating the nostrils). It can also lead to a reduced sense of smell, nosebleeds, pain when swallowing, a runny or blocked nose and recurring nose or throat infections.

Injecting

Injecting Speed is dangerous. It’s much easier to overdose. You will also inject the impurities in Speed and cause damage to your veins and arteries. And you are also at risk of getting HIV, hepatitis, or bacterial infection, if you share injection equipment.

Lack of sleep

Lack of sleep and appetite can put a strain on your body and immune system, leaving you open to infections and viruses like Covid, colds and flu.

Low energy

As the body’s energy stores become depleted, and the comedown kicks in, you can start to feel anxious and irritable. Using a lot, especially over a few days, can produce panic and paranoia. These feelings will generally go away after the drug is out of your system.

Heart attack and stroke

Amphetamines increase heart rate and blood pressure. High heart rate and blood pressure will increase the chances of heart attack or stroke - particularly in people with underlying health conditions.

Psychosis

Although rare, using amphetamines in large amounts over some time can cause long-term psychosis for some people. The symptoms can include hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there, feeling that people are talking about you behind your back, or following you.

Your thoughts can be jumbled up, and you can feel scared and afraid. Some people fail to recover fully from psychosis and have lasting symptoms.

People with mental health issues or a history of family mental health problems are more likely to develop amphetamine-related mental health problems.

Addiction

Amphetamines are addictive. If you use a lot regularly, you can build up a tolerance, which means you will need more and more, to get the same buzz or feel ‘normal’ or to avoid the unpleasant feelings of withdrawal.

Regular amphetamine use can quickly become compulsive and out of control, and users can experience insomnia, mood swings and cravings when they try to stop.

Long-term use can damage the heart or cause an irregular heartbeat and is associated with changes in the brain that can have a long-term impact on how you feel.sense of smell, nosebleeds, pain when swallowing, a runny or blocked nose and recurring nose or throat infections.

Mixing amphetamines with other drugs

Mixing drugs is dangerous. When drugs are combined, the risk of overdose is substantially increased. Stimulants Using amphetamine with other stimulants can result in palpitations, chest pain and heart problems, along with dangerously high blood pressure and body temperature. Depressants Amphetamines can mask the depressant effects of alcohol or heroin.

Because your body processes different drugs at different speeds, depressant drugs can rise to dangerous levels, reducing your breathing and heart rate to critical levels. Antidepressants Using antidepressants with amphetamines can cause unpredictable and unpleasant effects.

High blood pressure can occur when amphetamines are combined with some antidepressants. Certain antidepressants can interfere with your liver’s ability to process amphetamines, increasing amphetamine levels.

The law

Amphetamine is a Class B drug, which means it’s illegal to possess, give away or sell.

Additional law: Amphetamine prepared for injection becomes a Class A drug and can get you harsher sentencing if you’re caught with it or selling it.

Drug driving

Like drink-driving, driving when high is dangerous and illegal. Driving under the influence will lead to a hefty fine, driving ban, or prison sentence. A roadside swab test, introduced in March 2015, can catch drug offenders on the roads. A conviction for drug-driving will get you:

  • A minimum one-year driving ban
  • A fine of up to £5,000
  • A criminal record

Your driving licence will also show a conviction for drug-driving, and it will stay on there for 11 years.

A conviction for drug-driving also means you will struggle to get car insurance. If you have a driving job, your employer will see the conviction on your licence, and you may have trouble travelling to certain countries, such as the USA.

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GETTING HELP

If you feel your amphetamine use is getting out of hand, the organisations below may be able to help.

  • Talk to Frank

    National drugs awareness site for young people and parents/carers.

    0800 77 66 00.

    Go to website

  • DrugWise

    Evidence-based information on drugs, alcohol and tobacco.

    Go to website

  • RELEASE

    Release is the national centre of expertise on drugs and drugs law – providing free and confidential specialist advice to the public and professionals.

    Helpline 0845 4500 215

    Go to website...

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Shisha and hookah

Shisha and Hookah: Your Questions Answered

Is shisha safer than cigarettes? Is it OK during pregnancy or around your family? Is it a drug? Clear, accurate advice on risks and how to reduce harm.

What is shisha?

Shisha is a way of smoking that uses a water pipe. It is also called hookah, hubble-bubble, or narghile.

Shisha usually contains flavoured tobacco mixed with molasses or honey, giving it a sweet taste and helping it burn longer.

You can also buy tobacco-free or nicotine-free versions. These may come as paste or gel.

How does a shisha pipe work?

The tobacco or paste is heated with charcoal. When you breathe in through the pipe, the smoke passes through a bowl of water. This cools the smoke before you inhale it.

Is shisha a drug?

Shisha itself is not a drug—it is a way of smoking. But most shisha uses tobacco, which contains nicotine.

Nicotine is a drug. It affects your body and brain. It can make you feel more alert or relaxed, but it is addictive, meaning it can be hard to stop once you start.

When you smoke shisha with tobacco, you breathe in nicotine and other chemicals. Even though the smoke goes through water, the nicotine still gets into your body.

Some shisha is nicotine-free. This doesn’t have tobacco, but the smoke can still contain harmful chemicals from the charcoal and flavourings.

In short:

  • Shisha is how you smoke—it’s not a drug itself.
  • Most shisha contains tobacco with nicotine (a drug).
  • Nicotine is addictive.
  • Even nicotine-free shisha can still produce harmful smoke.

Find out more on our Is Shisha a Drug? page

Does shisha have nicotine?

Most shisha tobacco contains nicotine. This is the same addictive substance found in cigarettes.

Tobacco-free versions are available but may still produce harmful smoke when heated.

What is in shisha smoke?

Shisha smoke can contain:

  • Nicotine (if tobacco is used)
  • Carbon monoxide from the charcoal
  • Tar and other chemicals

Even when water cools the smoke, it does not remove these substances.

How does shisha affect the body?

Shisha can make your heart rate and blood pressure go up.

Some people say it helps them feel relaxed or less anxious.

However, shisha smoke is often inhaled more deeply and for longer than cigarette smoke, meaning you take in more harmful substances.

What are the risks of smoking shisha?

  • Feeling sick or dizzy, especially if you are not used to it
  • Exposure to nicotine, carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals
  • Higher risk of cancers, heart disease, lung disease and circulatory problems with regular use
  • Risk of spreading infections (like herpes, tuberculosis or hepatitis) if sharing a mouthpiece

Children and others nearby can also breathe in second-hand smoke, which can harm their health.

Is it safe to smoke shisha around my family and other people?

No, it is not safe. Second-hand smoke from shisha can harm everyone’s health and wellbeing.

Shisha smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other harmful chemicals. Second-hand smoke stays in the air and can be breathed in by others.

Some people are at particular risk, including:

  • Children and babies, whose lungs and bodies are still developing
  • Pregnant people and their unborn babies
  • Family members with asthma or other breathing problems
  • Older adults or people with heart or lung conditions

There is no safe level of second-hand smoke. Smoking shisha indoors or in enclosed spaces can make the smoke build up, even if windows are open.

If you choose to smoke shisha, you can reduce harm to others by smoking outside, away from children, family members, and other people who do not want to breathe in smoke.

Is fruit-flavoured shisha safer?

No, fruit-flavoured shisha is not safer.

Fruit-flavoured or sweet-flavoured shisha still usually contains tobacco and nicotine. The flavours make it taste nicer, but they do not remove the harmful substances.

Smoking fruit-flavoured shisha produces the same carbon monoxide, tar, and other chemicals as regular shisha.

The sweet taste can make it easier to inhale more deeply or smoke for longer without noticing the harshness. This can increase how much harmful smoke you breathe in.

Even tobacco-free or nicotine-free flavoured products still produce harmful smoke when heated with charcoal.

In short: The flavour does not make shisha safe.

Is shisha safe during pregnancy?

No, it is not safe to use shisha during pregnancy. Shisha, also known as hookah, poses similar risks to smoking cigarettes and can harm both the pregnant person and the developing baby.

When you smoke shisha, you inhale substances like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other harmful chemicals. These can cross the placenta and affect the baby’s development.

Risks of smoking shisha during pregnancy can include:

  • Low birth weight
  • Premature birth (baby born too early)
  • Breathing problems for the baby
  • Higher risk of stillbirth or miscarriage

Even tobacco-free or nicotine-free shisha can produce harmful smoke from the charcoal and flavourings.

It is beneficial to stop smoking at any point during pregnancy, as stopping can improve health outcomes for both you and your baby.

If you’re pregnant and want support to stop smoking, you can talk to a midwife, doctor, or a stop smoking service.

Is shisha illegal in the UK?

  • It is legal to sell shisha products to adults over 18.
  • It is illegal to sell tobacco or vaping products to anyone under 18.
  • Smoking shisha is banned in enclosed public spaces, just like cigarettes.

Is shisha safer than cigarettes?

No, shisha is not safer than cigarettes.

A typical shisha session can expose you to more harmful substances than smoking a single cigarette. The cooler smoke feels smoother and less harsh, so people tend to inhale more deeply and for longer.

Can I reduce the risks if I choose to smoke shisha?

You can reduce harm by:

  • Not sharing mouthpieces
  • Choosing tobacco-free or nicotine-free products (though smoke can still be harmful)
  • Limiting how often you smoke
  • Avoiding smoking around children and others who do not want to breathe in smoke
  • Ensuring good ventilation if smoking indoors
  • Considering nicotine gum, patches, or e-cigarettes as alternatives

If your organisation supports people who need this information, you can order printed resources from our Shisha & Hookah resource page.

Want help to stop smoking?

If you want to cut down or stop smoking, free help and support is available:

You can also talk to your GP, pharmacist or local stop smoking service for free, confidential help and advice.

Buy the shisha resource in the Substance shop

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Ketamine bladder: spot the signs

Ketamine bladder symptoms, k cramps & what to do about them.

Understand ketamine BLADDER symptoms, k cramps, dehydration and pain. Learn how to reduce risks, spot early signs, and find support.

What is ketamine bladder?

Ketamine bladder is a painful condition caused by ketamine use.

When ketamine breaks down into chemicals in your body, it passes through your kidneys into your urine, which is stored in your bladder.

These chemicals can damage the lining of your bladder, causing a number of symptoms:

  • Pain
  • Bleeding
  • Scarring

If left untreated, this damage can become permanent.

Watch out for the warning signs of ketamine bladder:

  • Needing to wee more often
  • Sudden urges to wee
  • Pain or burning when weeing
  • Blood in your wee (urine)
  • Pain in the lower belly (near the pubic area)
  • K cramps: strong belly pain that feels like squeezing

You can get these symptoms even on days when you haven’t used ketamine.

What increases the risk?

  • Using large amounts
  • Using ketamine often
  • Using daily over a long time

For some people even occasional use can cause bladder problems.

What happens if you ignore it?
  • Your bladder may shrink and scar
  • You could damage your kidneys

In severe cases, you might even need to have your bladder removed.

Managing the pain of bladder damage and K-cramps

Taking medication for bladder pain and K cramps

Paracetamol is safe to try. Ibuprofen is also an option, but take it with food and be cautious, as it can sometimes irritate the bladder or stomach.

If you notice worse bladder pain after taking ibuprofen, stop using it and stick to paracetamol instead.

Anyone with kidney problems should avoid ibuprofen without medical advice.

Buscopan (hyoscine) can relieve bladder cramps and pain. You can buy it over the counter in the UK.

Bladder pain from ketamine use often needs medical help. Taking basic painkillers can help mild cases, but it can get worse if not treated.

Don’t use more ketamine to manage the pain. It will do more damage.

Simple, non-medical pain relief tips for bladder pain and K-cramps

  • Stay hydrated; small sips are often more effective than big gulps.
  • Gentle movement or stretching can help. Some people find that slow walking eases cramps.
  • Use warmth, such as a hot water bottle or a bath.
  • Peppermint tea or peppermint oil capsules may also help with cramps.

If you’re in pain, it’s best to talk to a health professional.

Ways to reduce ketamine bladder damage risk

Stop using ketamine

For many people with early symptoms, stopping ketamine at the first sign of pain or discomfort can help improve bladder problems and give it time to recover.

Quitting ketamine doesn’t usually cause physical withdrawal symptoms, but you might have cravings, mood swings, sweating, or heart palpitations.

Reducing (tapering) your ketamine use over a few days can help with cravings, especially if your symptoms are mild.

Getting psychological and social support can make quitting easier and more successful.

Cut down if you can’t stop

If you’re not ready to stop, try to reduce the harm:

  • Use smaller amounts
  • Use less often
  • Take breaks to let your bladder recover

Drink water

Drink water before, during, and after using ketamine. It helps flush your bladder and may reduce irritation. Try to avoid too much caffeine or alcohol – both can dehydrate you and make symptoms worse.

Getting medical help

If you experience any bladder problems, get medical advice as soon as you can.

Early intervention can prevent more serious damage.

Even if symptoms improve after you stop using ketamine, it’s crucial to get a medical assessment to check for lasting damage.

Other things, like treatable infections, can also cause ketamine bladder-type symptoms. A doctor can check what’s happening and help you get the proper support.

Extra resource for services

If you work in a drug and alcohol service or support people who use ketamine you will find our ketamine guide for drug workers useful.

Buy the ketamine bladder resource in the Substance shop

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Further ketamine information and support

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Ketamine Aware

Ketamine: facts, effects, risks and harm reduction

Learn about ketamine use, effects, risks to health, overdose, and harm reduction. Includes advice on safer use, mixing, and where to get help.

What is ketamine?

Ketamine is an anaesthetic used in human and animal medicine.

Non-medical ketamine gained popularity in the UK rave scene of the early 1990s, sometimes sold as ecstasy tablets.

Illicit ketamine appears as white powder or crystals, often called shards or rocks. You usually need to crush these into powder before snorting.

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How is ketamine used?

Snorting (sniffing)

This is the most common method. You may dip a key into the bag (“keying”) or snort lines of powder. Effects begin within minutes and last around 30–45 minutes. Regular snorting can damage your nose and sinuses. Chopping powder finely helps reduce this harm.

Swallowing (bombing, parachuting, eating)

This method involves wrapping ketamine in paper or tissue and swallowing it. Effects are slower to appear (15–30 minutes) but last longer (1–3 hours). Swallowing can irritate your stomach and often causes a laxative effect, making it less popular than snorting.

Smoking

This is uncommon. It tastes unpleasant, the effects fade quickly, and much of the drug is wasted.

Injecting

Usually done into a muscle. This carries higher risks of overdose, infection, and tissue damage.

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Effects of ketamine: how it makes you feel

Your experience depends on the dose, the setting, and your own state of mind.

  • Low doses: stimulating, euphoric, trippy.
  • Higher doses: strong dissociation, hallucinations, distorted sense of time, or calmness. Some people find this frightening, leading to panic or nightmarish experiences.

At very high doses, you may enter an intense out-of-body state known as a K-hole. This can last up to 90 minutes.

Physical effects may include:

  • Loss of coordination and control
  • Difficulty moving, speaking, hearing, or seeing
  • Numbness, nausea, and delirium

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Risks of ketamine to your personal safety

At high doses, ketamine can leave you helpless and detached from reality. In clubs or raves, this increases your vulnerability to:

  • Accidents or injuries
  • Physical or sexual assault
  • Risky or unprotected sex

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Risks of ketamine to your physical health

Bladder and kidney damage

Regular use can permanently damage your bladder and kidneys. Watch for pain when urinating, frequent urges, leakage, or blood in your urine. If these occur, seek medical advice and tell your GP about your ketamine use.

K-cramps (abdominal pains)

Many frequent or heavy users experience severe stomach pains known as K-cramps.

  • How long do they last? They can last hours or days, depending on how much and how often you use.
  • What causes them? The exact cause isn’t clear, but they are strongly linked to high or daily use.
  • How to stop them? Cutting down or stopping is the only reliable way. Drinking water and avoiding heavy doses may help, but symptoms usually improve only after reducing or quitting use.

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Risks of ketamine to your mental health

Occasional use (once or twice a month) is not thought to cause long-term harm. Persistent use is linked to:

  • Anxiety, panic attacks, and paranoia
  • Depression, mania, and insomnia
  • Flashbacks and ongoing perceptual changes
  • Feelings of unreality or detachment
  • Nightmares and delusions

You may also experience a ketamine comedown, leaving you feeling low, anxious, or drained.

Long-term heavy use can harm your memory, concentration, and attention.

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Ketamine dependency and tolerance

Ketamine is not physically addictive like heroin, but your body quickly builds tolerance. You may start taking more to “chase the high”.

This can lead to:

  • Problems with memory and concentration
  • Strained relationships and isolation
  • Reduced productivity and neglect of other interests

Psychological dependence can develop, and you may find it difficult to cut down.

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Ketamine overdose risk

Yes, you can overdose on ketamine. High doses can cause unconsciousness, dangerously slow breathing, and even death. The risk is much higher if you inject or mix ketamine with depressant drugs such as alcohol, GHB, GBL, benzodiazepines, or opioids.

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Mixing ketamine with other drugs

Mixing increases risks and makes effects unpredictable. Common mixes include:

  • Alcohol, GHB, or GBL: very dangerous because they slow breathing.
  • Benzodiazepines and opioids: add to sedation and greatly increase overdose risk.
  • Cocaine: a stimulant mixed with a depressant, which puts extra stress on your body.
  • Other new psychoactive substances: unpredictable outcomes.

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Reducing risks if you use ketamine

  • Do not use alone. Stay with trusted friends in a safe place.
  • Chop powder finely before snorting to reduce damage to your nose.
  • Crush ketamine on a clean, flat surface with a safe tool such as a card. Avoid heating plates, as this can damage the drug and does not make crushing easier.
  • Start with a small dose, wait, and avoid re-dosing too quickly.
  • Do not mix with alcohol, GHB, GBL, benzodiazepines, or opioids.
  • Avoid risky situations where losing control of your body could be dangerous, such as swimming, smoking in bed, or bathing.
  • Space out your sessions. Tolerance builds very quickly.

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Staying in control

  • Only buy what you plan to use in one session.
  • Eat well, get enough sleep, and take breaks from using.
  • If you feel anxious or confused, stop and rest somewhere safe.
  • Know how to respond if someone overdoses:
    • If they are unresponsive with slow or shallow breathing, put them in the recovery position and call an ambulance.
    • Tell medics exactly what was taken. This information could save a life.

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Ketamine and the law (UK)

Ketamine is a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. It was reclassified from Class C in 2014.

You can find the latest guidance on how the law is applied in practice on the Release website: Ketamine law and guidelines – Release

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Further information and support

Ketamine resources

Browse our range of printed ketamine leaflets, booklets and posters
Ketamine resources

Talk to Frank

National drugs awareness service for young people and parents or carers.
📞 0800 77 66 00
www.talktofrank.com

Release

The national centre of expertise on drugs and drugs law, offering free and confidential advice for the public and professionals.
📞 0845 4500 215
www.release.org.uk

Drug Science

An independent, science-led drugs charity that brings together leading experts to research drug harms and effects.
www.drugscience.org.uk/ketamine

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Festival Highs: Reducing the risks of using drugs at festivals

Cover of festival highs leaflet showing an illustration of a music festival
  • Article Introduction: Learn essential information about drug-testing, mixing drugs & alcohol, taking too many drugs, overdose, synthetic opiods and looking after each other.

FESTIVAL HIGHS

Reducing the risks of using drugs at festivals

Essential information about drug testing, mixing drugs & alcohol, taking too many drugs, overdosing, synthetic opioids and looking after each other.

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WHO DOESN’T LOVE A GOOD FESTIVAL? SOME OF THE BEST BANDS AND DJs IN THE WORLD, TIME WITH YOUR MATES AND, FOR SOME OF YOU, DRUGS: LEGAL AND ILLEGAL.

People take all kinds of drugs at festivals. Some, such as alcohol, are legal. Others, like cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, ketamine, mephedrone, mushrooms and LSD, are illegal. New drugs (formerly known as legal highs) are now automatically illegal under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016.

Some drugs speed you up, others slow you down, while some turn your head upside down and inside out. The trick to surviving a festival is making sure they don’t speed you up or slow you down too much.

The only way to avoid the risks associated with using drugs is not to use them. If you choose to take them at a festival, here are some ways to look after yourself and your mates.

HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU’RE TAKING?

The answer is you can’t be sure. One powder or pill looks much like any other, so you won’t know how long it takes to come up, how powerful it is, or how it will make you feel.

TEST YOUR DRUGS

Some festivals now offer a drug-testing service on the festival site. When you arrive, find out where they are. The service is confidential and non-judgemental and can help you identify what is - or isn’t - in your drugs.

This doesn’t mean they’re safe to use, but it can tell you if drugs are more potent than usual or have been mixed with unexpected substances.

LOW AND SLOW

Even if you do have your drugs tested, always exercise caution.

Using a small amount and giving it time to take effect before using more will keep you safer.

FENTANYL AND NITAZENES

More and more powerful synthetic opioids like fentanyl and nitazenes are being mixed with other drugs, increasing the number of overdose deaths. Be careful: test your drugs and go low and slow.

TAKING TOO MANY DRUGS

Using drugs can have long-term effects on your health, but the most immediate risk at festivals is overdose - basically, taking too many drugs.

Overdose signs will vary depending on what type of drugs you have taken
Overdose signs for stimulant drugs such as ecstasy and mephedrone:

  • shallow breathing
  • fast or racing pulse
  • rigid muscles
  • hyper-aggression/mania
  • seizure
  • unconsciousness

Overdose signs for depressant drugs such as GBL and heroin, alcohol and Xanax:

  • slowed breathing
  • pale or clammy face
  • fingernails and lips turn blue or purplish black (greyish or ashen on dark skin)
  • pulse (heartbeat) is slow, erratic
  • unresponsive

What to do if you think someone is overdosing or becomes ill

Most festivals have a medical tent with staff to help a person through emergencies, so find out where it is when you arrive on-site.

If someone is showing signs of overdose, get them to medical help as soon as you can.

If you have to leave them alone to get help, put them in the recovery position before you leave them.

Please don’t be worried about letting medical staff know what they’ve taken. Show them the substance so it can be identified, and the proper treatment can be given.

MIXING DRUGS

Using several drugs at the same time - and this includes alcohol - is dangerous.

Overdose is frequently caused by taking  more than one drug or adulterated drugs.

Taking drugs throughout a two or three-day festival can put you under a lot of strain and increase the risks to your mind and body.

OVERHEATING

Stimulant drugs cause your body temperature to rise. So, if you’ve taken drugs and been dancing all day and well into the night, you can get dehydrated and suffer heatstroke, which can lead to organ failure and death.

Heatstroke symptoms include
nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, headache, muscle cramps, aches and dizziness.

Stay hydrated. Always carry a bottle of water or a sports drink with you and sip it regularly. Take frequent breaks and find somewhere cool and quiet to chill out for a while.

Also, it can be a long way back to your tent or trailer, especially if you get lost. Make sure you have warm, dry clothes to wear as you head back. Cooling down too quickly can make you ill.

OVERDOING IT

Going to a festival can be like going on holiday: you can get overexcited, feel invincible, and do too much too soon, which can lead to dangerous situations.

Some drugs, such as ketamine or GBL/GHB, can be very dose-dependent. A small increase in the amount used can leave you physically helpless and vulnerable to accidents and assaults (both physical and sexual).

TAKE A BREAK

Being off your face in the middle of a huge festival site with thousands of people can be daunting. It can also make you anxious and paranoid. If you or any of your friends start to feel this way, chill out in a quiet place. Take someone with you or tell your mates where you’re going so they can keep an eye on you.

SEX

Some drugs can increase sexual desire even though they decrease the ability to perform. This could increase the chances of risky sexual behaviour. Always carry condoms, and make sure you use them.

Consent

People who have taken lots of drugs or alcohol may be in no fit state to consent to sex. Remember, sex without consent is rape.

HOME TIME

REMEMBER, if you’ve been drinking alcohol and taking drugs during a festival, you may be unfit to drive.

You’re likely to be tired from the festival anyway, so it could be dangerous for you, your passengers and other road users.

DRUG DRIVING

Like drink driving, driving with above the permitted drug level in your system is illegal - even if they don’t affect your driving and will lead to a ban, fine or even prison. The permitted levels are tiny. If you’ve recently taken drugs, there’s a good chance you’ll be over the limit.

Finally...

It’s your body, so look after it. Many websites and forums can provide you with more information than we can fit into this leaflet. So, before you decide to use any drug, find out as much as you can about it from as many different sources as possible. Below, we have listed some places that may be of help.

erowid.org
Drug information library

release.org.uk
Drugs and the law

wearetheloop.org
Drug-checking at festivals

wedinos.org
Anonymous online drug-checking service

Buy the Festival High leaflet in the Substance shop

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New, and updated resources

Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust

The resources are really good. Very user-friendly and packed with relevant information. They’re great.

DRD Co-ordinator (Aberdeenshire)

There aren't many resources aimed at young people. Your colourful clear resources are very good.

Life+

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Substance misuse resources

A range of harm reduction and drug & alcohol awareness booklets, leaflets and posters

Alcohol

cannabis leaf

Cannabis

line of cocaine being chopped up with a credit card

Cocaine

ecstasy tablets

Ecstasy

Bag of mephedrone

Mephedrone

different types of drugs - ecstasy, cannabis, alcohol, solvents, cocaine

Drug mix

ketamine symbol

Ketamine

NPS chemical symbol

New drugs

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